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Cognitive technologies
GENERAL INF. ABOUT THE MECHANISMS OF COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
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Brief introduction.
Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), these are methodologies for:
- Search for non-trivial ideas.
- Identification and solution of many creative problems in science, technology, society, psychology, ....
- Selection of promising directions for the development of equipment, technology and cost reduction for
their development and production.
- Development of structured and creative thinking.
- Formation of a creative personality and societies.
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In TRIZ, when analyzing a problem and building a problem model, an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships (CER) in a complex system (CS) is built and the CS is divided into singles CER, at the chosen level of consideration.
Further, the internal elements of such separate, single CER are formed (in logic, these are the "Production Rules" or in a generalized, abbreviated notation - predicates, in science and technology - these are models of elementary systems (ES)).
TRIZ is a set of methodologies for eliminating UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCES arising in the CER CS:
A. The researcher of the problem, in order to improve the functioning or optimize the system under study, searches for manifestations of a negative effect (undesirable action, inefficiency, losses, undesirable process, etc.) in the system.
B. When constructing a problem model, the researcher determines:
- The main function (functioning purpose) of the CS;
- Locations of processes (`operational zones`);
- A system for setting, tracking and monitoring process parameters;
- Many available resources (divided by: type, quantity, value for the SS, degree of readiness for use, source, ...);
Next, the researcher divides the functioning of CC into sequential processes:
- The process of entering the components necessary for work: ...;
- The process of production (synthesis) from the components of the Object: energy, information, products, goods, values, services ...;
- The process of transforming an Object (necessary for further use): energy, information, products, goods, values, services ...;
- The process of influence of Subject 1 (actuator, mechanism, algorithm, ...) on the Object: `capture`, fixation of the Object;
- The process of influence of Subject 2 (actuator, mechanism, algorithm, ...) on the Object: `change` of the parameters of the Object according to a given goal;
- The process of outputting a finished Object (subject of labor).
C. The researcher collects information about the occurrence of UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS, and then selects processes to work on eliminating them.
The researcher analyzes the profitability, necessity and trends of further changes in the parameters of individual processes (for example, assesses at what stage of the S-curve the value of a key process parameter is located).
D. The researcher divides the selected process into individual CER and determines among them the `ROOT' CER (in the `ROOT' CER the primary UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCE is formed, which, further, along the chain of other CER can spread to part of the process).
E. The researcher defines and considers the roles of internal elements in the `ROOT` CER, these are:
(IF)
- SUBJECT (a source of influence that has a QUALITATIVE VALUE of a KEY PARAMETER (KP));
- CAUSE (affects the OBJECT);
(THEN/BUT)
- OBJECT (impact receiver having a QUALITATIVE VALUE OF THE DEPENDENT PARAMETER (DP));
- CONSEQUENCE (the result of the impact on the OBJECT - a change in the QUALITATIVE VALUE of the salary).
F. The researcher determines in the `ROOT` CER the KEY PARAMETER (KP) of the SUBJECT and its:
- QUALITATIVE VALUE necessary to achieve the DESIRED CONSEQUENCE;
- QUALITATIVE VALUE necessary to achieve an UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCE.
G. As a result, the researcher gets a CONTRADICTION between 2 opposing REQUIREMENTS for CONSEQUENCES in the `ROOT' CER.
H. The researcher changes or transforms the internal elements of the `ROOT' CER, which entails changing the `ROOT' CER itself, using TRIZ methods and tools, to eliminate the UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCE.
I. The researcher can also manipulate several single CER, entailing a change in the influence of single CER on each other, using TRIZ methods and tools, to eliminate the UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCE.
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TRIZ methodologies appeared in the middle of the 20th century in the republics
of the former USSR, thanks to their founder, Heinrich Saulovich Altshuller, and are
further developed by his students and followers.
The development of the structure of the creative style of thinking was a kind
of protest against `dullness of thought`, `one minding`, `everyday inertia of
thinking` and `suffocating` all new bureaucracy in technology and science.
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At present, TRIZ methodologies have been applied not only to `technical systems`,
but also in sociology, management, marketing, business, and other areas of human activity.
They are studied and applied in the USA, Canada, Japan, Israel, the leading countries of
Europe and Southeast Asia, united in a kind of TRIZ ecosystem.
(For example, in China there are almost 3000 universities, 10% of which study TRIZ).
Disadvantages of TRIZ methodologies are insufficient scientific systematization and logical
formalization of methods and tools.
The programs of the `MODIFIER` package, among other things, are aimed at eliminating
these shortcomings.
What does mastering TRIZ give?:
- Ability to identify the essence of the problem.
- The ability to correctly determine the main directions of the search, not missing many points that you usually pass by.
- Knowledge of how to systematize the search for information on the choice of tasks and the search for directions for solutions.
- Learn to find ways to move away from traditional solutions.
- The ability to think logically, alogically, systematically.
- Significantly improve the efficiency of creative work.
- Reduce decision time.
- Look at things and phenomena in a new way.
- Develops creative imagination and thinking, improves cognitive abilities.
- Give impetus to inventive activity.
- Expand understanding of chains of cause and effect relationships at different levels of consideration of problems.
The composition of classical TRIZ includes:
- `Laws` of development of technical systems (TS).
- TRIZ Information Fund.
- Su-field analysis (structural real-field analysis) of technical systems.
- Algorithm for solving inventive problems - ARIZ.
- A method for identifying and predicting emergencies and undesirable phenomena.
- Methods of system analysis and synthesis.
- Functional cost analysis.
- Methods for the development of creative imagination.
- `Theory` of creative personality development.
- `Theory` of the development of creative teams.
More information on TRIZ: HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/TRIZ
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The term `cognitive` comes from the Latin cognoscere - to know, to know, to investigate.
Depending on the context, this word can mean knowledge, conviction, thinking ability,
the ability to study, preserve knowledge and share it with others.
Cognitivism is a branch of psychology and an approach to learning that focuses on thought processes.
Cognitivists believe that learning is defined by how our minds perceive, process, store, and then
reproduce and use information.
Cognitive functions are mental processes that allow us to receive, select, accumulate, process,
create and retrieve information. It helps us understand the world around us and communicate with it.
Cognitive functions include memory, gnosis, speech, praxis, and intellect.
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Memory is the ability of the brain to absorb, store and reproduce the information necessary for current activity.
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In classical ancient Greek philosophy, gnosis is used in a technical sense, denoting knowledge, research, without having mystical and esoteric connotations.
Visual gnosis (not physiological vision) is the recognition of objects and phenomena on the basis of information received (once) and assimilated about them, this is the discrimination of objects, orientation in space, in relation to objects, and in general the perception and receipt of information about the world.
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Praxis is (goes back to the Greek root of the word praxis action) the ability to perform purposeful motor acts.
These are voluntary, purposeful movements that are provided by the level of the cerebral cortex and its secondary fields.
Man literally created the entire world around him with his own hands.
In the process of this collective activity and the development of hand praxis, the need arose for the development of speech as a means of communication.
New types of praxis have appeared that began to serve speech, these are oral and articulatory movements.
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Intelligence in the general philosophical sense is the ability to think, general cognitive ability;
in epistemology - the ability for mediated cognition, including comparison, abstraction, concept formation, judgment, inference, opposed to direct types of cognition - sensory and intuitive.
In a number of psychological concepts, intelligence is identified with a system of mental operations, with a style and strategy for solving problems, with the effectiveness of an individual approach to a situation that requires cognitive activity, with cognitive style, and so on.
The most common is the understanding of intelligence as a biopsychic adaptation to life circumstances.
The difference between intelligence and thinking is that thinking is a cognitive process, while intelligence is a holistically functioning set of cognitive processes (sensations, perception, memory, attention, thinking, speech, imagination).
Cognitive processes are the ability to cover various cognitive processes such as learning, attention,
memory, speech, reasoning, decision making, etc., which are part of intellectual development and experience.
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Cognitive development is the development of all kinds of thought processes, such as perception,
memory, concept formation, problem solving, imagination, and logic.
Cognitive abilities - perception, analysis of information about the surrounding reality, attention, memory and speech.
For the development of cognitive abilities, it is useful for both adults and children to read a variety of
literature, solve problems, puzzles and engage in unusual mental work, for example, learn foreign
languages, but that's not all. The state of the body also affects the cognitive potential.
Keep track of your vitamin D levels.
Cognitive psychology - a person looks for irrational beliefs (cognitive distortions) and makes rational
arguments against them. This is one of the most effective types of psychological therapy.
The cognitive approach works great when solving real-world problems.
Cognitive technologies used to be information technologies that are specifically focused on
the development of human intellectual abilities.
Cognitive technologies develop the imagination and associative thinking of a person.
Cognitive technologies, at present, are not only the development of human intellectual abilities,
but also the development of the intellectual qualities of artificial intelligence (AI),
which are evaluated by the intellectual product produced by AI.
AI performs tasks that previously could only be performed by humans.
Examples of AI cognitive technologies include: computer vision, machine learning,
natural language processing, speech recognition, and robotics.
Over the next three to five years, cognitive technologies are likely to have a profound impact on work,
workers and organizations.
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What is systems engineering? This is an integrated set of engineering works, which provides for
control and adjustment from the initial to the final stage of work on the design and development of a product.
System engineering (SE) is the activity of the internal work of designing a new product,
with the task of building a system, agreeing on all issues at the initial stage,
with their maximum implementation even before the product is put into operation.
SE should be responsible for the whole picture of the creation of a product, object, unit,
while ensuring that the necessary requirements for the entire life cycle of creation are met.
In order for the created system to work successfully, as well as in order to reduce risks
when designing in creating a new product, the following requirements must be met:
- clearly understand the needs of the customer.
- determine what necessary functions the created product should have.
- determine at the earliest stages of product development, the schedule and stages of
verification for testing, control and operation.
- understand for which system the product will be created, and in what natural and
technical conditions this system operates.
- evaluate and identify the risks of changing technical parameters in the process of creating a product.
- compliance of the designed product with all necessary standards, state standards, and other
legal documents on standardization and quality.
- reduction of the total cost of work on the creation of the product.
- improvement of management processes for decision-making of planning, development and
operation of the product being created.
What does the SE decide? In the field of business processes, management issues are resolved:
- requirements.
- changes.
- configurations.
- supplies.
- task flows.
- programs.
- portfolios.
More information: HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/SYSTEMS_ENGINEERING
Systems engineering - control over the development of complex products and systems,
consisting of a set of related components, to ensure their joint functioning.
Systems engineering is a complex, product-oriented methodology responsible for creating
and executing processes that span all the engineering disciplines involved
and ensure that customer and user needs are met.
Systems engineering is the control over the development of complex products
and systems (where a system is a set of components, which in turn can
themselves be systems for smaller components) interconnected for joint functioning.
The rejection of this methodology leads to many problems and complexities,
which has been confirmed more than once by analysts and manufacturing companies
around the world:
- Only 28% of projects meet the planned deadlines and budget.
- Launching a product to market just 6 months late could cost a company 30% of its
planned five year ROI.
- More than 45% of the development budget can be spent on bug fixes and rework.
- From 35 to 50% of the total amount of work is spent on correcting errors made at
the development stage.
- Correction of errors found during the operational phase costs 200 times more than
errors found in the early stages.
The system engineering methodology covers all stages of the product life cycle, from
understanding the needs and requirements, determining the required functionality
and architecture of the product, to mandatory planned checks (tests, certifications,
acceptance tests, control) at the necessary stages of the life cycle.
More information:
System engineering as an academic subject is taught in many universities around the world.
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Innovation hubs
INNOVATION HUBS OR INNOVATION CENTERS are organizational structures created to support and stimulate innovation, start-up development, technology entrepreneurship, and collaboration between different participants in the innovation ecosystem.
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An innovation hub is a physical or virtual space that brings people together to create and develop new ideas, products, and services.
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Innovation hubs can be a city center or a hub in an innovation district.
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Innovation hubs encourage collaboration between different groups, such as researchers, companies, universities, and investors, and provide resources such as workspaces, training programs, and mentoring opportunities.
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These places can also encourage entrepreneurship by offering "incubators" or "accelerators" for early-stage start-ups.
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Some innovation hubs have experts on staff who can provide advice and direction, and these hubs can also help companies improve their processes, products, and services.
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One of the hallmarks of an innovation hub is its emphasis on collaboration.
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By bringing together people from different disciplines, sectors, and walks of life, these spaces create a "tapestry" of ideas and perspectives.
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This interaction often leads to cross-pollination, where ideas are developed through discussion and collaboration.
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Networking events, workshops, and seminars are usually organized to facilitate these connections.
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Innovation hubs typically offer access to resources that may be difficult for individuals or small startups to obtain on their own.
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This may include cutting-edge technology, funding opportunities, mentoring from experienced professionals, and even administrative support.
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Innovation hubs can take many forms, each with its own unique focus.
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Some may focus on specific industries, such as technology, healthcare, or green energy, while others are more general.
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BUILDING INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS: ACCELERATING TECH HUB GROWTH
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TECH HUBS: HOW SOFTWARE BROUGHT TALENT AND PROSPERITY TO NEW CITIES
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PANDEMIC TRENDS AND SHIFTS IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF TECH
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Transform your experience, knowledge, fantasies and dreams
from any field of activity into reality,
WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE "MODIFIER" SOFTWARE PACKAGE,
in virtual hubs-ecosystems of solvers of inventive tasks,
problems and situations:
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INNOCENTIVE VIRTUAL HUB CHALLENGES
Innocentive It is a developed ecosystem of inventive problem, task and situation solvers..
Innocentive is the world's oldest and most effective open innovation, open talent, and open science group.
With over 700,000 talented people, Innocentivehas deep experience in science, technology, and innovation, expert problem solving skills, intelligence know-how, and a wealth of related knowledge to accelerate the implementation of ideas.
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INOCROWD VIRTUAL HUB CHALLENGES
InoCrowd specializes in providing idea generation and problem solving services based on its own interactive open innovation technology platform, which involves a network of experts worldwide, to accelerate and improve innovation in companies investing in research and development (R&D).
In addition to its partner network, which is its great asset, the InoCrowd platform has a set of features that distinguish it from other open innovation solutions.
InoCrowd's open innovation partnerships include the most prestigious American and European universities, all Portuguese universities, as well as renowned agencies such as NASA. Here are some examples: we have partnerships with Peking University, Weizmann University in Israel, ESA - European Space Agency and MIT - USA.
To find the full list, visit the page COMMUNITIES.
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LEO VIRTUAL HUB CHALLENGES
LEO VIRTUAL HUB IMPLEMENTED SOLUTIONS
LEO connects innovators and corporations around the world to solve problems and accelerate breakthrough solutions.
LEO helps innovators and corporations discover cutting-edge technologies, build global connections, and solve innovative problems.
LEO provides dedicated portals for leading universities to showcase their innovative technologies.
LEO's mission is to make innovation limitless and accessible to everyone.
LEO facilitates innovation from concept to commercialization.
Take your innovation to the next level with LEO.
Showcase your innovations to global giants like BP, M&S, and Fujitsu.
Discover groundbreaking solutions and cutting-edge technologies from leading innovators.
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HERO X VIRTUAL HUB TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
HERO X VIRTUAL HUB BUSINESS CHALLENGES
HERO X VIRTUAL HUB STARTUP COMPETITION
Connecting to the HeroX network extends your reach beyond your organization by attracting new talent with ideas outside of traditional channels.
HeroX uses crowdsourcing for reliable and continuous innovation.
HeroX network problem solvers have contributed to over 200 different complex projects.
HeroX is an open platform with no barriers to participation. HeroX uses the CrowdBuild methodology.
HeroX customers only pay when their problem is solved! It’s a risk-free way to achieve a specific outcome.
HeroX serves as a hub for prize registration, contest submissions, solver team building, and official judging.
HeroX has a community of 175 countries.
HeroX scales with the size of the problem.
Take advantage of a crowdsourcing platform with a global network of innovative problem solvers.
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KICKSTARTER - VIRTUAL HUB FOR CROWDFUNDING
KICKSTARTER VIRTUAL HUB FAQ
KICKSTARTER VIRTUAL HUB RESOURCES FOR INNOVATORS
Kickstarter is the leading crowdfunding and launch platform for creative projects of all sizes.
Join a global community that shares your passions and values and bring your ideas to life.
Kickstarter is a funding platform for creative projects.
Anything from film, games, and music to art, design, and technology.
Kickstarter is full of ambitious, innovative, and creative ideas that are brought to life through the direct support of others.
Everything on Kickstarter must be a project with a clear goal, like creating an album, book, or piece of art.
The project will eventually be completed and something will come of it.
Kickstarter campaigns turn ideas into reality.
Here, creators share new ideas for creative work with communities that will come together to fund them.
No matter what, creators always have control over how the work comes together — no 100-page grant applications, no donors asking you to change your message, no last-minute edits from investors.
When backers contribute funds and help spread the word, they become part of these independent works, too.
Whether you’re a creator, a seasoned backer, a project reviewer, or a complete Kickstarter newbie, we’d love to hear about your experiences, so join our research program to improve Kickstarter.
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TECHCRUNCH — THE GLOBAL ONLINE NEWSPAPER ABOUT INNOVATION
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TECHCRUNCH — STARTUP AND TECHNOLOGY NEWS
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EU-STARTUPS — BLOG ABOUT STARTUPS IN EUROPE
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THE NETWORK OF EUROPEAN STARTUP ASSOCIATIONS
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Crunchbase - SERVICE FOR SEARCHING INFORMATION ABOUT TECHNOHUBS, STARTUPS, INVESTORS, EVENTS, …
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Startupblink is a global startup ecosystem map and research center
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DEALROOM.CO — VENTURE, GROWTH STARTUPS AND TECHNOLOGY ECOSYSTEMS
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EXAMPLES OF SOME INNOVATIVE HUBS THAT PROVIDE PHYSICAL SPACES,
AS WELL AS A WIDE RANGE OF SERVICES FOR STARTUPS TO WORK:
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Website STATION F
Startups working in STATION F
FUNNY INTRODUCTION VIDEO ABOUT STATION F
Various videos from STATION F
STATION F is the world's largest innovation hub - incubator: a startup campus located in Paris, France, at 5, PARVIS ALAN TURING, 75013 PARIS.
The campus has an area of 50,000 m² and is funded by Xavier Niel.
STATION F is a unique campus and community in the heart of Paris with 1,000 startups, more than 30 programs and a full range of services.
STATION F offers entrepreneurs everything they need to launch and grow a business, offering both face-to-face and online resources, including a huge investor community, more than 150 benefits and offers, 35 public services, more than 600 events and workshops per year.
STATION F offers all the services and resources entrepreneurs need, both online and on campus - from investors to benefits, public services and more.
STATION F brings together the best of everything so entrepreneurs can focus on what matters most: growing their business. STATION F works 24/24 hours, 7/7 days.
If a startup has no local competitors and is accepted into the STATION F program, then its participants may be provided with various housing options nearby. For example, 1 room per person in a 6-room apartment, with a rent of 399 euros per month (state support is not excluded). STATION F employs about 30% foreigners from all over the world. Their share is expected to grow. Rent of 1 workstation, on average, $235.
STATION F is looking for people who:
● Are passionate about startups, entrepreneurship and innovation.
● Have a strong sense of team.
● Are honest and straightforward in their communication.
● Enjoy the opportunity to exceed expectations.
STATION F also hosts picnics for residents and those wishing to join the hub, group training sessions with Urban Sports Club and informal meetings with business gurus.
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Hub - incubators/accelerators network website Impact Hub
Our world needs more collaboration, connection, and innovation.
The Impact Hub Network makes it possible.
The Impact Hub Network turns ideas into lasting impact.
The Impact Hub Network inspires, connects, and empowers Impact Makers around the world.
The Impact Hub Network is a global community, consultancy, and creative space.
Impact Hub members strive to build a just and sustainable world where business and profit serve people and the planet.
Whether you're an entrepreneur generating ideas, a company seeking partnerships, or a policymaker driving transformation, the Impact Hub global network is ready to support you on your journey to impact. Ready to make a difference?
Inclusive and sustainable innovation at scale.
The Impact Hub Network connects entrepreneurs and innovators with great organizations, partners, investors, and the public sector.
Why? To build a just and sustainable society.
Impact Makers 500k+. Impact Hubs 120+. The Impact Hub international network has been hosting the Impact Hub Escola educational festival in Brazil for ten years now, organizing workshops and lectures for 10,000 participants - anyone can join.
15+ years of entrepreneurial activity
Since its founding in 2005, the Impact Hub network has grown from a single community into a global movement and turned ideas into real results.
Today, the Impact Hub network acts as a multiplier and amplifier of social change in more than 65 countries.
Impact Hub GmbH, Lindengasse 56 / 18-19, 1070, Vienna, Austria, UID: ATU66357747, FN: 358967v.
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Hub website C-Base
Hub C-Base on fb
Wiki about C-Base Hub
The C-Base non-profit hub is a non-profit association based in Berlin, Germany.
The C-Base non-profit hub, one of the oldest and most informal, was founded in 1995 and is still active today.
Once a gathering place for early digital enthusiasts, C-Base is now a huge space for parties, concerts, festivals, performances and conferences.
Its goal is to increase knowledge and skills related to computer software, hardware and data networks.
The association is involved in numerous related activities.
For example, the society has had stands at major festivals such as Children's Day, where they introduce young people to topics such as robotics and computer-aided design.
The association's headquarters, the c-base station, is also used by other initiatives and groups in and around Berlin as an event venue or as event rooms, such as the wireless community network freifunk.net, the Chaos Computer Club and the Berlin Wikipedia group.
Any group that identifies with the goals of c-base can also use the spaces for meetings and events.
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Hacker Dojo Hub website
Hacker Dojo Hub on wiki
Interview with David Weekley about Hacker Dojo
Hacker Dojo is a 6,000-square-foot (560-square-meter) community center and hackerspace located in Mountain View, California.
Primarily an open workspace for software projects, Dojo hosts technology classes on biology, computer hardware, and manufacturing events.
Dojo is largely democratically run by its members.
Dojo is primarily funded by membership fees ($150 per month), but accepts third-party sponsorships from Microsoft, Google, Isocket, Twilio, AMS Dataserfs, and Palantir Technologies.
Hacker Dojo is a Silicon Valley co-working space where tech enthusiasts gather to create, experiment, and improve.
At Hacker Dojo, we believe in the power of community, collaboration, and the relentless pursuit of knowledge.
It is a haven for dreamers, makers, and visionaries who dare to challenge the status quo. ___
One of the hub’s founders, David Weekley, said the goal is to finally create a place where people can come, without any obligations, to meet up and work on cool side projects with their friends.
It’s a nonprofit, not a for-profit.
The hub won’t require any intellectual property rights, equity, or anything else — it’s completely non-intrusive in its creative processes.
You can “learn to code in Python or teach a Perl class,” he said.
___
Get 24/7 access to our learning space with your digital key.
Work in our shared or quiet spaces, book conference rooms, or tinker in our makerspaces.
Uncover and improve your knowledge by connecting with peers through impromptu meetups, hackathons, and a variety of tech classes and workshops.
Take your career to the next level, develop your soft skills, and grow your impact by challenging yourself to lead and inspire other talented members of our community.
Building 140B has become a venue for events like Random Hacks of Kindness, Startup Weekend, and BayThreat, among others.
It has created and hosted its own events, such as a reverse career fair called Hacker Fair, where candidates pitch to company engineers, and Startup Fair, where young companies pitch to investors.
Participants can host events at the Dojo for free, subject to approval by the Dojo Events Committee.
The Dojo also hosts film screenings, weekly Happy Hour, and Friday Night Socials.
The Hacker Dojo regularly hosts SuperHappyDevHouse hackathon parties in different countries - Switzerland, Germany, Canada, …
A large number of Silicon Valley startups work daily at the Hacker Dojo, which is their main location, and the Founders Institute, which is located nearby.
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Venture funds
What is: "National Innovation System"?
The Conception of Innovation Systems: Their Emergence and Development
Venture Capital and the Finance of Innovation
The World's Best Venture Capital Investors In 2024
The European venture capital landscape: an EIF perspective
Three things to consider when choosing an alternative investment fund structure in Europe
What Is an Investment Fund? Types of Funds and History
Types of investment funds: what are the options?
5 Types of Investment Fund Structures
Varieties of European National Innovation Systems
MODERN PROBLEMS OF TRANSITION TO INNOVATIVE ECONOMY IN AGRICULTURE
Identification Of The National Innovation System In A Globalized Environment
Venture Capital Definitions and Approaches
Vesting: What It Is and How It Works
Startup Ecosystem Trends 2025: Accelerators vs. Incubators Explained in a Comprehensive FAQ Guide
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The National Innovation System in Germany
The German innovation system: conceptions, institutions and economic efficiency
Expert Company Formation in Germany - GmbH & UG Quick Setup
Company foundations, shelf companies, trust companies
Top 10 accelerators and startup programs in Germany
8 Active Venture Capital Firms in Germany in 2025
Top 10 Accelerators in Germany (in 2025)
VCs and Startup Programs in Germany
Grow Your Startup Beyond Borders
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30+ Research Funding Agencies That Support International Collaboration
Sichern Sie sich eine Zero-Equity-Finanzierung zum Schutz Ihrer Innovation
Looking for information on project support, funding and cooperation with the Robert Bosch Stiftung?
The Key Funding Agencies in Germany
Find the right funding for your project
FUNDING YOUR RESEARCH IN GERMANY
DZG Innovation Fund. Promoting Cross-Disease Research
Start-up funding for young entrepreneurs
Seed capital for new businesses
Advice and support for start-ups and young companies
Spinout Ventures A Look at Germany's Newest Venture Fund
German innovation agency to fund spin-out focused PhDs
Emerald. We invest in sustainable industrial innovation
The Future of Venture Capital Funds in Germany
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National innovation system profile of Sweden
Sweden has long fostered innovation and entrepreneurship
Sweden's National Innovation System
How Sweden became an innovation powerhouse
Regional Innovation Systems in Sweden
The innovative vector of the Nordic countries’ competitiveness: case of Sweden
EURAXESS Country in Focus: Sweden – Inventing Tomorrow’s World
Innovation policy as performativity – the Case of Sweden
OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy SWEDEN 2016
When theory meets practice in transformative innovation policy evaluation: experiences from Sweden
How Sweden Became Europe’s Epicentre Of Innovation
Focus: How Sweden became the Silicon Valley of Europe
20 years of Swedish innovation - how did it happen and why?
Education and Training. Skills for innovation
Sweden – a nation of innovation
Spanners, streamed music and seatbelts – which of these 10 Swedish everyday items gets your vote?
5 Famous Brands from Sweden: Countries of Innovation
Top 10 Swedish Technology Companies
Uncovering Sweden's Secret To Success: A Focus On Innovation And Design
Top 10 VC Investors in Sweden (in 2025)
Top Venture Capital Firms & Investors in Sweden 2025
Top 15 Venture Capital Firms and Angel Investors in Stockholm
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The French National Innovation System: An International Comparison from the Small Firms' Perspective
Clusters as the basis of the functioning of the national innovation system of France
Clusters as the basis of the functioning of the national innovation system of France
The Global Innovation Index (GII) ranks world economies according to their innovation
capabilities. Consisting of roughly 80 indicators, grouped into innovation inputs and
outputs, the GII aims to capture the multi-dimensional facets of innovation.
France ranks 12th among the 132 economies featured in the GII 2022.
The French Experience of Modernization
France: Innovation System and Innovation Policy
The French National Innovation System: An International Comparison from the Small Firms' Perspective
Science and Innovation Policy in France
CEA (France) is a key player in innovation and deep tech
Station F is the world's largest startup campus located in Paris, France.
A unique campus and community in the heart of Paris with 1000 startups, more than 30 programs and a full range of services.
Station F offers entrepreneurs everything you need to launch and develop a business, offering both full-time and online resources, including a huge community of investors, more than 150 benefits and proposals, 35 public services, more than 600 events and seminars per year.
Top Venture Capital Firms & Investors in France
Top 10 VC Investors in France (in 2025)
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Science, technology and innovation policy in the Netherlands
PRIORITIES IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY - AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS: MARKET AND REGULATORY OVERVIEW
Setting up a company in the Netherlands
Build your company with Antler at our European Hubs in Berlin, Munich or Amsterdam
Top 17 Venture Capital Firms in Amsterdam [2024]
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Japan′s National Innovation System: Soft Adaptation to New Challenges
NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS OF JAPAN AND GERMANY: FEATURES, PECULIARITIES, WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT
MISSION-ORIENTED INNOVATION POLICY IN JAPAN CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE OPTIONS
CRISIS AND INNOVATION IN JAPAN: A NEW FUTURE THROUGH TECHNO-ENTREPRENEURSHIP?
Innovation in Japan: An Introduction
Leading Innovation with Japan’s Information Technology
Guide To Venture Capital in Japan
The State of Venture Capital in Japan
Japan’s Venture Capital Industry: Snapshot of Growth and Transformation
GUIDE TO JAPAN CORPORATE VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
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Startups and Venture Capital in Japan: How to Grow
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Understanding the U.S. National Innovation System
The U.S. national innovation system: Origins and prospects for change
The U. S. National Innovation System
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The Innovation System and Innovation Policy in the United States
Carried Interest in Venture Capital: What It Is and How It Works
A Brief History of Venture Capital
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ENTERPRISE & INNOVATION. Supporting dynamic solutions through innovation and entrepreneurship
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China's Innovation System and the Move Toward Harmonious Growth and Endogenous Innovation
ANALYSIS OF CHINA’S INNOVATION POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
Model of the Chinese National Innovation Ecosystem
ASSESSMENT OF CHINA'S INNOVATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
China's Science and Innovation Policy
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THE SMART INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA
Shenzhen Capital Group (SCGC) is a leading venture capital firm established in 1999
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We register companies all over the world since 1992
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Fab lab
Fab lab (digital fabrication laboratory) is a small workshop that provides everyone with the opportunity to individually manufacture the products and parts they need.
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A fab lab is typically equipped with a set of flexible, computer-controlled tools that span several different length scales and materials, with the goal of creating "almost anything."
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Such a laboratory usually has, in addition to hand tools and measuring instruments, modern CNC machines.
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The goal is to give a chance to make “almost everything” from “almost nothing”.
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The creation of fab labs began in the 2000s, mainly at universities; currently, there are thousands of fab lab workshops in different countries of Eurasia, North America, South America, Africa, and Australia.
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For example, at the end of 2017, there were 1,205 officially registered fab labs in the world on all continents except Antarctica; the largest number of them were in the United States (about 170), France and Italy (about 140 in each of these countries).
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As of November 2019, there were 1,830 Fab Labs worldwide, and there are currently 2,300+ Fab Labs worldwide.
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As a rule, a fab lab is created on the basis of a large organization, for example, a university, and is considered as one of the laboratories to which any student or employee has access, as well as, under certain conditions, those who wish "from the outside".
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Among the sources of funding for fab labs:
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● The founding organization itself: for the university, having a fab lab is beneficial, as it allows it to increase the prestige of the educational institution and attract applicants.
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● Individuals paying for access to fab lab equipment.
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● Students ordering a layout for a course project, etc..
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● Various authorities whose small orders cannot be placed at factories or large prototyping centers.
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Usually, a fab lab has the following equipment:
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● Laser cutters, plasma cutters, water-jet cutters, knife cutters for cutting sheet materials.
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● 3-axis CNC machines: 3 or more axes, computer-controlled milling and turning machines (subtractive processes).
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● Rapid prototyping tools: usually it is a "3D printers" for the production of products from plastics, composite materials, metals (additive processes).
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● PCB milling equipment: 2-dimensional, high-precision milling machines.
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● Workstations for developing, assembling and testing microprocessor and digital electronics.
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Fab labs are essentially the modern-day successors of the DIY (Do It Yourself!) subculture.
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This subculture has been and remains popular in the world.
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The fab lab program itself was initiated at the Media Lab at MIT in the mid-2000s as a collaboration between the Grassroots Invention Group and the Center for Bits and Atoms (CBA) at MIT, and broadly explored how knowledge relates to the ability to physically implement something, and to what extent the community of ordinary people can be empowered by technology.
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Grassroots Invention Group is no longer part of the Media Lab, and the Center for Bits and Atoms consortium still actively pursues research in areas related to characterization and fabrication, but it no longer hosts or supports labs (apart from the mobile fab lab).
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Mobile fab labs allow a group of enthusiasts from an educational institution or just `from the street` to order and rent for some time digital fab lab equipment with delivery, training and consultations, to implement their innovative projects.
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The fab lab concept also grew out of a popular course at MIT (MAS.863) called "How to Make (Almost) Anything."
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Being a Fab Lab means engaging with a global community of learners, educators, technologists, researchers, makers, and innovators - a knowledge-sharing network.
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The Fab Foundation's mission is to bridge the digital divide, which means: providing access to the tools, knowledge, and resources to learn, innovate, and invent using technology and digital fabrication to enable anyone to make (almost) anything.
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A list of all official Fab Labs is maintained by the community via the website https://fablabs.io/
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https://fablabs.io/ is a human-centered design platform, primarily for makers, but we welcome any maker, hacker, DIYer, and digital fabrication enthusiast who wants to create, collaborate, and share projects and knowledge.
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What is a Fablab? How to create a Fablab? Where are Fablabs located around the world?
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At https://fablabs.io/ you can find a list of Fab labs, a map of Fab lab locations, API documentation, forum, completed projects, used digital equipment, the Fab Foundation, the Fab Academy program, Fab Academy nodes, ...
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(Satellite TV)
Sales of components for satellite and terrestrial television, as well as services for consulting, setup, maintenance, software updates, ...
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